Consonants with the Air Stream from the Lung
Consonants without the Air Stream from
the Lung (Click)
The numbers are the organ positions which work for the pronunciation. (Refer to the Organ Picture)
The words next of the numbers or started by a capital letter are technical
terms from International Phonetic Alphabets(IPA).
The contents of [ ] is also IPA for a main consonant.
Each basic symbol is in a frame.
→ main organs |
the both lips 1,2 Bilabial |
the upper teeth and the lower lip 2,3 Labio- dental |
the upper teeth and the tongue tip and rims 3,4,9,10 Dental |
the brade and the tip of the tongue 4,(6),9,10 Alveolar |
4,5,6,9,10 Post- alveolar, Retroflex (the curled tongue) |
the hard palate and the front of the tongue 5,9,10 Palatal |
the soft palate and the back of the tongue 7,12 Velar |
the uvula and the deep back of the tongue 8,12 Uvular |
the wall of the pharynx 14 Pharyn- geal |
the vocal cord and glottis 15 Glottal |
nasal sound 13 |
[m] |
[n] |
[ŋ] |
[N] | ||||||
plosive sound |
[p] [b] |
[t] [d] |
[c] |
[k] [g] |
[q] [G] |
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fricative sound |
[f] [v] |
[θ] |
[s] [z] |
[ʒ] |
|
[x] |
[h] with a vowel |
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Affricate | ||||||||||
through narrow room/ Appro-ximant |
[υ] |
[r] |
[j] |
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4(5),9,11 Lateral Appro-ximant/ tongue-side |
[l]
|
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quiver/ shake, Trill |
[B] |
|
|
[R] | ||||||
Tap or Flap | ||||||||||
shutting
the air stream Stop |
→ main organs |
Bilabial 1,2 and 7,8,12 or(15) |
Dental (3),4,9, 10,7,8, 12 |
Alveolar |
Lateral 4,9,10 or tong side 11 |
Retro- flex 9,5, 11, 8,12 |
Palatal hard palate 5,9,10, 8,12 |
soft palate 7,8,12 and 15 |
Uvula |
Nasal cavity, Uvla 8,12,13 |
Ejectives |
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Grotalic Ingress ives |
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Velaric Ingressive/ Oral-click |
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Nasal Velaric Ingressive |
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Opposite air stream |
* can be compounded with a vowel or Pharyngeal/Glottals as , .
Each details of these sounds and Implosives are in
the consonant section.
Try many more combination sounds.
To the Next . To the top
This tentative plan was made by Yoshiko
McFarland. Thanks Mattias in Sweden for the checking.